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Quantification of emission variability for off-road equipment in China based on real-world measurements

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1455-x

摘要：

• Emissions from 53 in-use diesel-fueled off-road equipment were measured.

关键词： Off-road equipment Portable emission measurement system (PEMS) Real-world emissions Diesel engine

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基于车载测试的轻型汽油车实际道路黑碳排放特征研究

郑轩, 何立强, 何晓旖, 张少君, 曹翊寰, 郝吉明, 吴烨

《工程（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期页码 73-81 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.009

摘要：然而，目前轻型汽油车（LDPV）的BC排放估算存在很大的不确定性，尤其缺乏使用车载测试（PEMS）方法获得的估算结果。本研究开发了一款新型轻型车PEMS平台，并对10 辆在用车进行了实际道路BC排放测试。

关键词：黑碳轻型汽油车车载测试实际道路排放

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一种飞机装配用便携式非接触轮廓扫描系统

梁冰, 刘巍, 刘坤, 周孟德, 张洋, 贾振元

《工程（英文）》 2022年第15卷第8期页码 207-214 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.017

摘要：

在大型飞机装配过程中，三维轮廓扫描对于装配质量检测具有关键作用。为实现大型飞机零部件高反光曲面轮廓的扫描测量，本文提出一种兼顾精度与效率的非接触式自动化测量系统和方法。首先，以距离传感器辅助摄影测量，建立一种非接触式三维坐标复合测量系统，避免被测表面高反光对摄影测量精度的影响。同时，建立一种蕴含距离传感器一维测距信息与视觉全局转换关系的复合式坐标测量模型，高精度解算被测量点的三维坐标。其次，构建一种轮廓信息驱动的形面自动扫描方法和策略，在距离传感器有效量程内实现形面的非接触快速扫描与轮廓重建。最后，在某型号飞机平尾升降舵（尺寸约1760 mm × 460 mm）装配过程中对所提系统及方法进行现场试验与精度分析。实验表明：整个测量过程用时仅208 s，形面轮廓重建精度优于0.121 mm，因此，鉴于大型飞机装配过程中形面轮廓的高精度和高效率测量要求，所提系统及方法具有广阔应用前景。

关键词：飞机测试三坐标测量轮廓重建自动扫描扫描策略

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A measurement system for thin elastohydrodynamic lubrication films

WANG Xuefeng, GUO Feng, YANG Peiran

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 193-196 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0032-8

摘要： An elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) film measurement system using multi-beam interferometry is introduced in this paper. The measurement principle and the instrumentation are discussed. A simple and efficient method is suggested to obtain the fringe order of measured points. It is demonstrated that the presented measurement system can provide continuous measurement of lubricating films from nano to micro scales at a nano-level resolution, and can be used to investigate ultra-thin EHL films and tiny variations in EHL films.

关键词： instrumentation continuous measurement elastohydrodynamic lubrication ultra-thin measurement

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碳边境调节机制下近零碳制造体系建设研究

成润婷 ,张勇军 ,李立浧 ,丁茂生 ,林靖淳 ,章春锋 ,韩永霞

《中国工程科学》 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.037

摘要：

在国家“双碳”战略目标、欧盟碳排放交易体系改革的双重驱动下，我国制造业实施节能、减污、降碳协同增效，尽快实现低碳和零碳转型，成为关注焦点和发展亟需。本文重点探讨了欧盟碳边境调节机制（CBAM）对我国制造业的影响，基于此梳理了近零碳制造体系的概念特征，从关键技术、计量基础、市场驱动力等主要维度出发，详细阐述了近零碳制造体系的核心内容。分别从产品制造、电力供应两方面，提炼了近零碳制造体系的技术发展方向，建议形成“源网荷”碳计量系统以细化碳排放责任；借鉴国外碳市场发展经验并分析我国碳市场发展格局，在理论层面探讨了未来我国碳市场构建路径以促进近零碳制造体系发展。提出的近零碳制造体系实践方案，可为深化“双碳”背景下我国制造业高质量发展、开展CBAM背景下我国制造业低碳转型建设研究提供先导性和基础性参考。

关键词：欧盟碳排放交易体系；碳边境调节机制；零碳转型；碳排放计量；碳市场

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Comprehensive measurement and evaluation system of high-speed motorized spindle

Dashuai ZHOU, Liangsheng WU, Yichuan XIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 263-269 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0217-z

摘要：

Reducing the manufacturing time is the trend of high-precision manufacturing, and the precision of a work-piece is very important for manufacturing industry. The high-speed motorized spindle is the most critical part and becoming more widely used in the machine tool at present, and its precision may affect the overall performance of high-speed cutting. Most of the studies on high-speed cutting are focused on the cutting force, the vibration of the spindle and effects of the spindle’s thermal deformations; hence, how to roundly measure and objectively evaluate high-speed spindle is an imminence question of it because the comprehensive dynamic properties and evaluation system of spindles directly affect the cutting ability of the whole machine tool before they are manufactured. This paper presents a comprehensive measurement and evaluation system of high-speed motorized spindle, which reflects the overall performance of motorized spindle and bases on international standard.

关键词： high-speed motorized spindle comprehensive prope rties evaluation system

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Decomposition and decoupling analysis of electricity consumption carbon emissions in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 486-498 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0215-3

摘要： Electricity consumption is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we build a power consumption carbon emission measurement model based on the operating margin factor. We use the decomposition and decoupling technology of logarithmic mean Divisia index method to quantify six effects (emission intensity, power generation structure, consumption electricity intensity, economic scale, population structure, and population scale) and comprehensively reflect the degree of dependence of electricity consumption carbon emissions on China’s economic development and population changes. Moreover, we utilize the decoupling model to analyze the decoupling state between carbon emissions and economic growth and identify corresponding energy efficiency policies. The results of this study provide a new perspective to understand carbon emission reduction potentials in the electricity use of China.

关键词： electricity consumption carbon emission measurement LMDI model decoupling model data driven

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approach for the mechanical and electrical decoupling of an MEMS capacitive sensor in ultralow force measurement

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0747-1

摘要： Capacitive sensors are efficient tools for biophysical force measurement, which is essential for the exploration of cellular behavior. However, attention has been rarely given on the influences of external mechanical and internal electrical interferences on capacitive sensors. In this work, a bionic swallow structure design norm was developed for mechanical decoupling, and the influences of structural parameters on mechanical behavior were fully analyzed and optimized. A bionic feather comb distribution strategy and a portable readout circuit were proposed for eliminating electrostatic interferences. Electrostatic instability was evaluated, and electrostatic decoupling performance was verified on the basis of a novel measurement method utilizing four complementary comb arrays and application-specific integrated circuit readouts. An electrostatic pulling experiment showed that the bionic swallow structure hardly moved by 0.770 nm, and the measurement error was less than 0.009% for the area-variant sensor and 1.118% for the gap-variant sensor, which can be easily compensated in readouts. The proposed sensor also exhibited high resistance against electrostatic rotation, and the resulting measurement error dropped below 0.751%. The rotation interferences were less than 0.330 nm and (1.829 × 10⁻⁷)°, which were 35 times smaller than those of the traditional differential one. Based on the proposed bionic decoupling method, the fabricated sensor exhibited overwhelming capacitive sensitivity values of 7.078 and 1.473 pF/µm for gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, which were the highest among the current devices. High immunity to mechanical disturbances was maintained simultaneously, i.e., less than 0.369% and 0.058% of the sensor outputs for the gap-variant and area-variant devices, respectively, indicating its great performance improvements over existing devices and feasibility in ultralow biomedical force measurement.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical system capacitive sensor bionics operation instability mechanical and electrical decoupling biomedical force measurement

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density measurement for plastic injection molding via ultrasonic technology

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0714-2

摘要： Density variation during the injection molding process directly reflects the state of plastic melt and contains valuable information for process monitoring and optimization. Therefore, in-situ density measurement is of great interest and has significant application value. The existing methods, such as pressure−volume−temperature (PVT) method, have the shortages of time-delay and high cost of sensors. This study is the first to propose an in-situ density measurement method using ultrasonic technology. The analyses of the time-domain and frequency-domain signals are combined in the proposed method. The ultrasonic velocity is obtained from the time-domain signals, and the acoustic impedance is computed through a full-spectral analysis of the frequency-domain signals. Experiments with different process conditions are conducted, including different melt temperature, injection speed, material, and mold structure. Results show that the proposed method has good agreement with the PVT method. The proposed method has the advantages of in-situ measurement, non-destructive, high accuracy, low cost, and is of great application value for the injection molding industry.

关键词： ultrasonic measurement melt density in-situ measurement injection molding

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新型统一测控系统

史长捷

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 63-66

摘要：

新研制成功的遥测、遥控、外测三合一的统一测控系统，在有镜面反射条件下，对于超低空飞行目标，能克服多径效应衰落的影响，稳定地进行捕获跟踪测量，并且具有很高的可靠性。它也可在其他使用场合推广。文章介绍了工作原理、技术特点以及如何克服低仰角多径效应衰落和达到高可靠性所采取的措施。采统可灵活配套使用，以适应多种使用条件。在空用应答机上，解决了强弱信号共用信道的问题，减小了体积，降低了频率综合器相位噪音。

关键词：遥测遥控外测

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智能自主寻迹小车测控系统的研究与设计

王玲,张强,李雪梅

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第3期页码 92-98

摘要：

智能小车的测控系统是小车设计中的关键技术之一，灵敏完备的测控系统可以有效提高智能小车运行的稳定性，介绍了智能自主寻迹小车测控系统的整体架构和软硬件设计过程。以飞思卡尔M9S12XS128微处理器作为小车的控制核心，采用红外光电传感器采集路径信息，微处理器根据路径信息和小车当前状态采用脉冲宽度调制（PWM）方式对驱动电机和舵机进行控制。优良的控制算法对智能小车寻迹的准确性和稳定性起着关键的作用，文中采用模糊比例-积分-微分（PID）控制策略对直流电机的转速进行控制，利用双P控制算法控制智能小车舵机的转向；测试结果表明，智能小车运行快速平稳，能够自主准确寻迹。

关键词：智能小车测控系统模糊PID控制双P控制算法

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treatment meets artificial photosynthesis: Solar to green fuel production, water remediation and carbon emission

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1536-5

摘要：

• Mitigating energy utilization and carbon emission is urgent for wastewater treatment.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Artificial photosynthesis Microbial photoelectrochemical (MPEC) system Carbon neutral Renewable energy

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Efficiency measurement for mixed two-stage nonhomogeneous network processes with shared extra intermediate

Qingxian AN, Xuyang LIU, Shijie DING

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 259-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0080-x

摘要： Unreasonable allocation of shared resources reduces the system efficiency and is a considerable operational risk. Sub-processes with insufficient portion of shared resources could not help accomplish complicated tasks, and overstaffing and idle resources will occur in the sub-processes assigned with redundant shared resources. This unfair portion distribution may cause internal contradictions among sub-processes and even lead to the collapsing of the entire system. This study proposes a data-driven, mixed two-stage network data envelopment analysis model. This method aims to reasonably define the allocation portion of shared extra intermediate resources among several nonhomogeneous subsystems and measure the overall system performance. A data set of 58 international hotels is used to test the features of the proposed model.

关键词： shared resource allocation mixed two-stage system data envelopment analysis efficiency

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Evaluation of measurement uncertainty of the high-speed variable-slit system based on the Monte Carlo

Yin ZHANG, Jianwei WU, Kunpeng XING, Zhongpu WEN, Jiubin TAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第4期页码 517-537 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0589-z

摘要： This paper presents a dynamic and static error transfer model and uncertainty evaluation method for a high-speed variable-slit system based on a two-dimensional orthogonal double-layer air-floating guide rail structure. The motion accuracy of the scanning blade is affected by both the moving component it is attached to and the moving component of the following blade during high-speed motion. First, an error transfer model of the high-speed variable-slit system is established, and the influence coefficients are calculated for each source of error associated with the accuracy of the blade motion. Then, the maximum range of each error source is determined by simulation and experiment. Finally, the uncertainty of the blade displacement measurement is evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. The proposed model can evaluate the performance of the complex mechanical system and be used to guide the design.

关键词： air-floating guide rail error transfer model driving and following structure dynamic error uncertainty evaluation Monte Carlo method

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Optimization and performance prediction of a new near-zero emission coal utilization system with combined

GUAN Jian, WANG Qinhui, LI Xiaomin, LUO Zhongyang, CEN Kefa

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 113-119 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0013-y

摘要： In accordance with the new near-zero emission coal utilization system with combined gasification and combustion, which is based on the CO acceptor gasification process, the product gas composition of the gasifier and the combustor was calculated by means of thermodynamic equilibrium calculation software FactSage 5.2. Based on these calculations, the whole system efficiency calculation method that complies with the mass and energy conservation principle was established. To enhance the system efficiency, the system pressure and the gasifier carbon conversion ratio were optimized. The results indicate that the system efficiency increases with increasing pressure and gasifier carbon conversion ratio. After taking into consideration the influence of the pressure and carbon conversion ratio on the performance of the system, the gasifier and the combustor were synthetically studied. The optimum system pressure and carbon conversion ratio were obtained as 2.5 MPa and 0.7, respectively. The system efficiency could reach around 62.1% when operated in these two optimum parameters. If the advanced ion transport membrane (ITM) air separation technology is used, there would be an increase of another 1.3%.

关键词： influence efficiency calculation optimum software FactSage transport